It s The Middle Of The Night - 1789 Words

It’s the middle of the night. You’re hungry. You go to the kitchen and turn on the light. Suddenly, you step on something crunchy. You bend down to take a look. It is a cockroach! In New York City, in all homes and buildings, cockroaches abound. Just like its human residents, New York City s roaches are among the most diverse in the world. Cockroaches have been around for millions of years, evolving into some of the most adaptable pests on Earth. And no matter how hard exterminators try, the stubborn cockroaches don’t seem to die off. In fact, as time progresses, different species of cockroaches will be discovered and they will become more adaptable to the New York climate and also resistant to chemical poisons. It is safe to say, we are†¦show more content†¦Since roaches can crawl through small spaces, its very important we seal these entries. I understand this can be time consuming, but at the end of the day it will be worth the effort. If we donâ€⠄¢t stop them from entering, the next thing we know unwanted guests are partying with us and drinking our alcoholic beverages (â€Å"Orkin†). As long as we (unwillingly) provide food, shelter, and water for cockroaches they will forever infest our homes. Pest World states that cockroaches are attracted to sweet and floury foods (Cockroach Extermination). But even if you try to starve these critters, they won’t just die off. They’ll actually survive a whole month with no food, but only days without water. It is vital we stop supplying water to these pests. In addition, a cockroach can hold its breath for 40 minutes and survive underwater for at least half an hour (Cockroach Extermination). That means they can swim up our drainpipes into our sinks and bathtubs. We should begin by repairing the tiniest leakages and making sure no water is left standing in our sinks. Cockroaches are extremely attracted to moist areas even to the smallest bit of water. For example, New Yorker Ruby Ahuja said: â€Å"I used to work in a dry building, and when I’d leave a cup on my table after washing it out at night, leavin g a few drops of water inside, I would find the cup full of roaches the next morning.† What a beautiful sight to see early in the morning. Furthermore, when it comes to theirShow MoreRelatedFilm Analysis Of All The Presidents Men1270 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of All the President s Men All the President s Men, the 1976 film directed by Alan J. Pakula, is a detective thriller that portrays the story behind the Washington Post reporter s Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein s Pulitzer Prize winning relentless pursuit of the Watergate conspiracy. It initially started as a local burglary story and eventually led to the resignation of President Nixon. Over 40 years after Nixon s resignation, the Academy Award winning film was shown on July 14, 2017Read MoreResearch Report Analysis And Critique1465 Words   |  6 PagesGalloway, M., Conner, J., Pope, D. (2013). Nonacademic effects of homework in privileged, high-performing high schools. The Journal of Experimental Education, 81(4), 490-510. doi:10.1080/00220973.2012.745469 Researcher(s): ____ Classroom teacher(s) __x__ University-based researcher(s) ____ Other: ____________________________________ Data Type: ____ Qualitative ____ Quantitative __x__ Mixed _____/ 1 Pt. Research Methodology: __x__ Survey __x__ Correlational ____ Causal-Comparative ____ ActionRead MoreLiterary Elements Of William Miller s The Glade Or The Maze 825 Words   |  4 Pagescharacter traits does the protagonist (s) possess? Traits: Brave and Curious Evidence (page #s): 158 and 36 1. Thomas is brave because he ran into the maze without permission and he did a good job and stayed brave so he became a runner. 2. Chuck woke up Thomas in the middle of the night to show him something, he couldn’t help being curious. Characterization What character traits does the antagonist (s) possess? Traits: Insane Evidence (page #s): 1. The creators are the antagonistRead MorePrimary Source Report : Trial Of Madeleine Smith Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesMadeleine Smith’s letters] – Extract, pp 305-337 of Correspondence. Public respectability and social status was a key requisite in upper-middle-class Victorian Britain. Another significant cultural characteristic of nineteenth century Britain was the importance of family as a source in identifying a socially and economically fitting marriage partner for middle class women. Gordon and Nair argue that even though individuals had the choice of marriage partner it was not an unhindered choice. The socialRead MoreThe s Funeral By Bram Stoker Essay986 Words   |  4 Pageshysterically after Lucy s funeral. How did this come about? 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It could be deduced that thisRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper, By Susan Glaspell968 Words   |  4 Pagesatmosphere they were in. The women in the early 1900’s were the expected to be the â€Å"housekeepers† in the marriage. In the play â€Å"Trifles† Mrs. Wright gets criticized in the play for the disarray the house is in when the investigators show up to investigate the murder while the women come to the defense of Mrs. Wright giving reason why the house is not up to the â€Å"expectation† of the men. This instance tells the reader that the women in the early 1900’s were expected to keep the house in order and the menRead MoreThe Dangers Of Lack Of Sleep Deprivation913 Words   |  4 Pagessleep deprivation in high schooler s is the start time of their first morning class. Many different studies have been conducted concerning start times in schools and the current time that schools begin classes, is wreaking havoc on student health. 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Cancers Presence in the World - 1598 Words

Cancer represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for 8.2 million deaths in 2012. According to the last World Health Organization report, It reveals that it is expected that the global burden of cancer will rise from an estimated 14 million new cases per year in 2012 to 22 within the next two decades because of the aging and growth of the world population and an increasing adoption of cancer-causing behaviors. Lung, liver, stomach, colorectal and breast cancers cause the most cancer deaths each year. Cancer is spreading in the whole world, where Africa, Asia and Central and South America account for 70% of the world’s cancer deaths and more than 60% of world’s total new annual cases. Modern cancer therapy are radiotherapy, surgeries and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is the most commonly used. Many anticancer agents where developed during the several past years. Some of these agents were effective and others failed and was withdrawn from the market. The majority of drugs used for the treatment of cancer today are cytotoxic, because they interfere with the operation of the cells DNA. Although these agents are potent they have the potential to be very harmful to the body unless they are very specific to cancer cells which is something difficult to achieve. Furthermore, the most potent anti-cancer agents used recently have many serious side effects that reduce their clinical efficacy. Nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and low blood count, which inShow MoreRelatedThe Differences Between Race And Race869 Words   |  4 PagesOver time, humans’ understanding of race has evolved dramatically. Now, human race relations in the civilized world serve as a key issue for politicians, news outlets and sociologists. 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Globalization And Sovereignty

Question: Can national sovereignty survive globalisation? Do all nations experience globalisation in the same way? Discuss with examples. Answer: Sovereignty is defined as the most essential attribute that a state must have to gain complete supremacy and self sufficiency in the domestic policies and independence in terms of its domestic policies. By the beginning of the modern age the advent of certain factors such as French Revolution and other civil disturbances lead to the idea of national Sovereignty. However, in the view point of Hay and Marsh (2016), Sovereignty became one of the most difficult and ambiguous issue with the advent of globalization. Sovereignty could no longer be considered as a straight forward characteristic of a country but it is a dynamic factor that changes according to the advent of other factors. The world has now more than 190 countries. These countries are in fact co-related and to each other. With the increasing number of powerful nations and non-sovereign states, the global political scenario is getting affected largely. As argued by Moghadam (2012), that there are certain reason that has given seats to Microsoft, Amnesty International and Goldman Sachs in the United Nations General assembly. These things clearly imply the fact that power has been transferred to the major corporate power representatives and they are bound to affect the Sovereignty of a state. In the recent situation there are many situations that clearly states about the increasing influence of the globalization. The sovereignty of the states are major concern for the government of the country. In order to maintain sovereignty, it falls under the responsibility of the government to protect their sovereignty of their country. World is consists of divided as well as sovereign states that do not recognize the superiority of the authority of a nation. The process of law making and the settlement of disputes are largely depended on the enforcements of law by an individual or the nation. Each country also has a number of international laws as well that are established for the existence of minimal number of rules. Any kind of wrongful act across the border or the other concerning nation is completely a private matter for those who are concerned with those who are affected. All states are regarded equal before law and any state do not have the authority of take any kind of asymmetries of power over any nation. In case of any kind of forceful act by any country or nation will be disregarded. There must not be the presence of any kind of collective power that minimizes the impediment power of the other Free states. It has been observed that the decentralized political arrangements that characterized Europe was rep laced by the Westphalian state systems that had affected the internal sovereignty of the country. This might have facilitated the expansion of trade and might have helped in the growth of the industry but there is no doubt that the internal sovereignty of the country was hampered. In such situation, the Royal court became the authority of the complete situation in the public sphere and the paternal authority role exercised within the family. Further, the feudal state in Europe was replaced by the absolutist state where the king or the queen is believed to enjoy the supreme power in the state. It was later found that this particular method became one of the important tools for the nation to subjugate or rule from abroad. Globalisation process has contributed correctly to the change and reduction in the sovereignty of a nation or a state. As pointed out by Resnik (2013), some of the threats include financial flow, increasing influence of major multinational corporations, global media expansion that hinders the sovereignty of a nation. Globalization process has undoubtedly contributed to the change and reduction in sovereignty of a nation. The influence of globalization has largely affected the political scenario of major nations. In the view point of Moghadam (2012), it is reasonable to speak about transition of most countries and the system of international relations in respect to the sovereignty of a new state. As stated by, Legrain, Globalization has been one of the most controversial issues in the recent world scenario (Legrain 2004). It has been pointed out by the author that on one side major protestors are coming down to the streets at international summits, the fact that the private companies are taking over the world. In fact, governments ability to taxation, spending and other regulations remain at a stake. The situation seemed to degrade and result in harming the poor and keeping democracy at risk. The author has strongly argued with some of the myths. As it is assumed that globalization would increase opportunity of jobs and it is one of the effective ways by which the government can get richer (Legrain 2004). As argued by the author that focusing on the impact of world trade and other topical issues related to specific countries, it can be easily assumed that the poor are never going to get richer. It has to be mentioned that globalization era started when the states aim at preventing the interference of other states in the private or other internal decisions of a state. From this point, it can be clearly stated that the current state of globalization is important in the evolution of nation state. There is no doubt that economic globalization challenges and the political authority retained by the political authority of the country consolidate the process of expansion of business and commerce and the laws related to jurisdiction expansion of commerce and economy (Legrain 2004). In the economic realm, there are a number of forces that increases the social impact of economy and the workforce mobility power. The scope of increased decisive role of technology and communication claim that sovereignty of a state in terms of economic policy is not correct. In the view point of Moghadam (2012), Globalization has become a driving force that increased the economic inequality by making the rich richer and poor poorer. According to Resnik (2013), liberalization and globalization are both important programme of the economic reforms undertaken by numerous countries and nation states. These programmes have been undertaken by these countries to make a powerful grip on the policy making process of the development plans of these countries. Supporting the fact, it has been pointed that new liberals and the economic reforms cannot be minimized. It is important to keep a close watch on the activities of the nation states. In lieu of maintaining competition, the countries are killing their private initiative. Globalization has also a vital role to play in the scientific and technological progress of a country (Pieterse 2015). It falls under the responsibility of the state to understand the requirement and the needs of the citizens of the country and evolve a co operative spirit to negotiate between the two countries and reach to a particular decision that shall help both the nations. Globalization can be considered as one way to combat poverty because it might result in incoming of money that would give opportunity of building schools, hospitals or other welfare. The main issue of concern associated with globalization is to understand that the democratic government are in control of these privately owned companies (Galli 2015). The other con that the author put forwarded that globalization brings is the declination of the indigenous culture of a country. For example, with the increasing impact of globalization, Americanises indigenous culture is spreading in major continents where its globalization impact is increasing (Alvarez 2013). The arguments put forwarded by the author lead to the threats that even the elected government is not competent enough to fight against the odds that arises as a result of globalization. In fact the government remain in control under these companies. In the book Global Capitalism and the Death of Democracy, Noreena Hertz pointed that in the recent time method of governing is changing and so is our economy (Hertz 2004). Further, it has been stated that with the advent of globalization, the Government is losing its power and the private companies are influencing the market of a country. In addition to this, the author also focused on the fact that in spite of the increasing domination of the private companies in the country, the newspapers remain drowned with the government activities. These situations are creating havoc in the socio-economic condition of a country. The author suggested that in order to live in this newly created world, where the power of the private sector due to globalization is increasing, one needs to learn to challenge the long-held assumptions about the nature of society where one lives (Hertz 2004). In her book, the authors core argument was focused on the impact of the democratic government and its impotency to influence the major decisions that affect the lives of ordinary people (Hertz 2004). In addition to this, the author stated that in surrendering to the global capitalists, the government are getting lucid towards democracy that is making it quiet useless for a democratic nation and the purpose to vote. The author has given the example of Seattle, Davos, the city of London and other so-called democratic nations (Hay and Marsh 2016). This mode of globalisation directly usurps democracy because increasing globalization and advent of foreign companies in a country is giving rise to the situation the corporations are silently taking over the government and ultimately there shall remain no recourse or representation of a governmental body in the country (Hertz 2004). In this perspective, the author provided example of Seattle city about the declining democracy. The Seattle str eet coalition was motivated by the instinct of declination of democracy. In the book Globalization in question, the authors pointed out that globalization have been gaining momentum in the recent scenario. In every country, globalization has been used by both left and right parties as the cornerstone of their analysis for any kind of international economy or polity (Hirst, Thompson and Bromley 2015). The authors discussed about the process of globalization. It has been stated that globalization are mainly related to economic process of a country. It has been strongly argued that globalization is more of a qualitative factor in the stage of development of international capitalism. However, the question that rose was related to the notion that investigates the different foreign accounts of the international economy and the stressing possibilities that continued and extended governance. The author further added that globalisation is actually weakening the boundaries and power of the nation-state is relatively getting weakened (Hirst, Thompson and Bromley 2015). It has been found that nation-states no longer matter and it is just a whim of the dynamic global economic environment. The transitional companies in actual sense are very rare and some of these companies have national allegiance and developmental strategies of their own. Therefore, any economic market has to be necessarily embedded in an established political and social situation (Beck 2015). A large concentration of foreign direct investment in the developing companies as a result of the increasing industrial economy is one of the important aspects of the process of globalization (Hirst, Thompson and Bromley 2015). The authors continued to the central understanding that prevent social breakdown and reduce the exposure to the economic shock. The authors considered globalization as the prime reason behind the se social and economic breakdowns. Several examples where the sovereignty of a nation has been hindered as a result of globalization can be cited. Democratic countries like India, Russia are greatly affected due to the increasing impact of globalization (Hay and Marsh 2016). Globalization has opened up the gate for foreign companies to enter into a foreign land and conduct business there. For example, International Monetary Fund and its structural adjustment plans had insisted on certain conditions that allow government to take loans for expenditure, subsidiary welfare program and other currency devaluations for the monitoring purpose. Global market gives the opportunity of greater access to a larger market that makes the idea of splendid isolation. However, as pointed out by Ku and Yoo (2013), that globalization is also creating a serious threat for the theory and the practice of the sovereignty exercised in the modern nation states. If the scenario of post world war is considered, it was witnessed that the denouncement of England and France that act as the supreme power and the USA and USSR rose up to greater power blocks (Sassen 2015). The dominance of USA and USSR as the worlds powerful and major operation regions clearly constrained the decision making process of the nation. The supreme power that was headed by these powerful nations constrained the decision making process of major nations. The sovereignty of these states was necessarily decisive and was more committed to the NATO conflict (Cohen 2012). In the recent situation, if the situation of the multinational organizations is taken into consideration, it can be said that the inter-governmental organizations and other pressure groups have moderated the idea of sovereignty (Hay and Marsh 2016). The countries which have the membership in the European Union provide more opportunities and restrains. In fact, it has been pointed out by Sassen (2015), that the decision making process on monetary or even the defence policies are rather initiated by the members of the Union. These are all the result of the impact of globalization. In the era of globalization and open economy, it has become possible for major companies to go beyond their domestic boundary and take the opportunity of the global business (Payne 2016). It has been found that many companies based on USA, UK have shifted or opened their business in major Asian countries like India or China to target the customers there and increase their business (de Brca 2013). In lieu of this, it has been found that these companies also created a dominating impact in these countries. If the situation of India is considered, it can be easily said that there is a huge domination of the major multi-national companies. Being a democratic country, the government always portray that the major decision undertaken by them is a tool for the development of the nation. However, in the view point of Zaki and Hosseini (2015), the country is equally dominated by these foreign companies. Therefore, it creates a threat on the sovereignty of the country and indirectly affects the people of the nation. Much has been spoken about the way globalization strengthens the sovereignties but there has been considerable changes that limits the sovereign rights of a nation. It is important to recognize the downfall of power of different nations that resulted in a change of whole range of decision direction, tendencies of the government and created an evident consolidates that limit the sovereignty of the nation. As suggested by Holden (2013), every country must be prepared to fight for their sovereignty and give up elements that hinder the government to work with their own decision. If taken into consideration, globalization increases volume, velocity and the importance of business flow within and across the borders of nation. The advent of various factors like climate change, decreasing economy of major nations and other vulnerable reasons have significantly decreased the impact of sovereignty and opened up various areas where any major company or nation state interfere other nations (Hay a nd Marsh 2016). Apart from all these, globalization might result in a number of negative impacts as well. Cross border activities might lead to major problems related to terrorism and other environmental problems. This shall harm the security and integrity of a nation as well. It is based on the different attitudes and contextual dissimilarities that the process of globalization can be defined as an uneven process that do not feel the same degree everywhere. Globalization is definitely decreasing the sovereignty of a nation and is in fact making the nations weaker in reality. In fact, in the view point of Andre et al. (2014), sovereignty might get eliminated if necessity arises. Therefore, it is favourable for a country to be eventually contractual with other countries rather than being absolute. The diplomatic challenge in this area has widespread and it is necessary to determine the remedies that support the principles of a state and do not violate the basic principles of the nation. It could be said that technological, cultural, economic as well as political processes of globalization makes a variety of changes in the current situation of the market. If the economic dimension is taken into consideration, the nations have adapted to the territorial border of different culture. A considerable disagreement and other conflicting dimensions have been taken into consideration that stresses the hegemony of the ideological factors of a countr y. Reference List: Alvarez, E., 2013. Globalization and Sovereignty: Rethinking Legality, Legitimacy, and Constitutionalism.AJIL,107, pp.697-980. Andre, P., Ayres, J., Bosia, M.J. and Mssicotte, M.J. eds., 2014.Globalization and food sovereignty: Global and local change in the new politics of food(Vol. 42). University of Toronto Press. Beck, U., 2015.What is globalization?. John Wiley Sons. Cohen, J.L., 2012.Globalization and sovereignty: Rethinking legality, legitimacy, and constitutionalism. Cambridge University Press. de Brca, G., 2013. Jean L. Cohen. Globalization and Sovereignty. Rethinking Legality, Legitimacy and Constitutionalism.European Journal of International Law,24(4), pp.1245-1247. Galli, A.M., 2015. Security or Sovereignty? Institutional and Critical Approaches to the Global Food Crisis.Global Environmental Politics. Gross, A. 2011. Eyes wide open. New York: William Morrow. Hay, C. and Marsh, D. eds., 2016.Demystifying globalization. Springer. Hertz, N. 2001. The silent takeover. New York: Free Press. Hertz, N. 2004. I.O.U.. London: Fourth Estate. Hirst, P., Thompson, G. and Bromley, S., 2015.Globalization in question. John Wiley Sons. Holden, B. ed., 2013.Global democracy: Key debates. Routledge. Ku, J. and Yoo, J., 2013. Globalization and Sovereignty.Berkeley J. Int'l L.,31, p.210. Legrain, P. 2002. Open world. London: Abacus. Moghadam, V.M., 2012.Globalization and social movements: Islamism, feminism, and the global justice movement. Rowman Littlefield. Payne, R.J., 2016.Global issues: Politics, economics, and culture. Pearson. Pieterse, J.N., 2015.Globalization and culture: Global mlange. Rowman Littlefield. Resnik, J., 2013. Globalization (s), privatization (s), constitutionalization, and statization: Icons and experiences of sovereignty in the 21st century.International journal of constitutional law,11(1), pp.162-199. Sassen, S., 2015.Losing control?: sovereignty in the age of globalization. Columbia University Press. Zaki, Y. and Hosseini, N.N., 2015. The Effect Of Different Dimensions Of Globalization On National Sovereignty.

The Advantages Of Stupidity Essays (931 words) - Intelligence

The Advantages of Stupidity Most people say being stupid will lead no where. They claim that it is the worst possible condition in which to spend one's life, and if possible, it should be completely avoided. They would even suggest if the symptoms of stupidity are caught in the early stages, it could easily be treated by a surgeon. The most effective method used to do this is the chainsaw technique, later described in volume two. Yet, perhaps if people took a closer look at some of the advantages stupidity had to offer, they wouldn't have such a negative attitude toward it. After reading this paper, one will underezd the advantages of stupidity. Admittedly, stupidity has certain disadvantages. Life isn't a bowl of cherries. And being stupid doesn't make it any fruitier. Being stupid can annoy even the most sensitive people. If one acts stupid, and does it in the wrong crowd, like a group of adults, it will seem more immature than funny. If one is forced to act stupid while dealing with lower life forms, for example, high school teachers, one may encounter barriers such as cruelty and insensitivity, with the utterance of statements like, "Think with your head straight!" or, "You have a brain, use it." Yet these are all true, there are still many advantages to stupidity. The first advantage is very easy to underezd. Stupid people are never asked to do a lot. Many have noticed that people tend to steer away from someone they feel may be stupid. This is for a very good reason. The stupidity which they posses makes a name for themselves, a name which can be very difficult to shake. Possibly, it is a word which describes the working habits of the person, such as "crappy". Yet, this creates a positive situation for the stupid person. They will have a lot of free time on their hands for more of lifes truly meaningful pleasures. Some of these activities are combing facial hair, and counting the pixels on a Sony TV. Now, there has been a rumour going around that suggests that stupid people have low expectations. This is true. They are so stupid that they don't realize great from O.K. They could have a Sanyo cordless phone, but would probably choose instead a Pierre Cardin alarm clock telephone, because it comes free with their sensamatic folding bed. And someone with the "advantage" of stupidity might have a hard time doing certain tasks, or setting things up. Yet this isn't all bad. For example, if a stupid person leaves the chore, and comes back to it later, no one will be able to underezd it. Would they get fired from their job? No. For the very simple reason that no one would underezd their work except for them. The job would have to be given back to the stupid person, perhaps with a higher salary, or someone would do it for them, leaving them with even more free time! Free time is great for brainstorming (Admittedly this seems to be a bad choice of words!). Yet the ideas stupid people create tend to be original. For example, when was the last time someone stupid said something, and made one think about it? It seems that people are always talking about someone elses dumb idea. An example of such an idea would be, "How many stories will that english teacher drop before having a stroke?" This would suggest that stupid people may have the upper hand when it comes to thinking up original ideas. In fact, the next time someone wants an original idea for something, they should try talking to their local, community stupid person. The reason for this is that while a stupid person thinks with his head, he does not do so an organized manner. This is why they have so much creativity. By thinking in this fashion, their ideas have a natural tendency to flow more easily, without the interruptions which occur from the editing of thoughts that logical people would have normally. Thus if someone else should say to one, "That was a stupid idea!" one should merely look that person straight in the eye, and say, "Thank-you!" This also means that the claim, "Stupid

Tianamen Square essays

Tianamen Square essays Tiananmen Square is where thousands of Chinese people gathered to try to overthrow the Chinese government. Every writer there witnessed and viewed this event in his or her own way. The writers different versions contradicted so much the audience had every reason to be confused over what really happened. The goal of these writers was to persuade the audience to see this event the way the writer saw it. This event in history can show readers how one event that happened only one way, can be told in many different ways. The Beijing Review interviewed a Chinese Military Official, naturally his story will favor the Chinese government. The leaders of the revolt were referred to as bad people; these bad people were accused of influencing the students and viewers to shamefully overthrow the government. This official also said that their losses were great because of the good mingling with the bad, this caused a mass state of confusion resulting in personal loss. He then made it look like the government assault on the people was necessary, and this showed the integrity of the peoples army. A writer for the New York Times wrote from a neutral perspective. This writer didnt take a side or judge either group. The writer just gave a story from what he or she eye witnessed. This version was descriptive and filled with facts. The writer also explains why the revolt was taking place. The Military Official sided with the government, and the New York Times Writer was neutral. The Official labeled people the Times writer did not. The Official used his opinions in his version. The Times writer used facts to demonstrate his or her eye witnessed account. Both writers wrote about things they saw during the event to prove a point, like when the tank drivers were forced from safety by fire then beaten when they would evacuate. After all the versions were viewed the audience couldn ...

Trans Isomer Definition

Trans Isomer Definition A trans isomer is an isomer where the functional groups appear on opposite sides of the double bond.  Cis and trans isomers are commonly discussed with respect to organic compounds, but they also occur in inorganic coordination complexes and diazines.Trans isomers are identified by adding trans- to the front of the molecules name. The word trans comes from the Latin word meaning across or on the other side.​Example: The trans isomer of dichloroethene is written as trans-dichloroethene. Key Takeaways: Trans Isomer A trans isomer is one in which functional groups occur on opposite sides of a double bond. In contrast, the functional groups are on the same side as each other in a cis isomer.Cis and trans isomers display different chemical and physical properties.Cis and trans isomers share the same chemical formula, but have different geometry. Comparing Cis and Trans Isomers The other type of isomer is called a cis isomer. In cis conformation, the functional groups are both on the same side of the double bond (adjacent to each other). Two molecules are isomers if they contain the exact same number and types of atoms, just a different arrangement or rotation around a chemical bond. Molecules are not isomers if they have a different number of atoms or different types of atoms from each other. Trans isomers differ from cis isomers in more than just appearance. Physical properties also are affected by conformation. For example, trans isomers tend to have lower melting points and boiling points than corresponding cis isomers. They also tend to be less dense. Trans isomers are less polar (more nonpolar) than cis isomers because the charge is balanced on opposite sides of the double bond. Trans alkanes are less soluble in inert solvents than cis alkanes. Trans alkenes are more symmetrical than cis alkenes. While you might think functional groups would freely rotate around a chemical bond, so a molecule would spontaneous switch between cis and trans conformations, this isnt so simple when double bonds are involved. The organization of electrons in a double bond inhibits rotation, so an isomer tends to stay in one conformation or another. It is possible to change conformation around a double bond, but this requires energy sufficient to break the bond and then reform it. Stability of Trans Isomers In acyclic systems, a compound is more likely to form a trans isomer than the cis isomer because it is usually more stable. This is because having both function groups on the same side of a double bond can produce steric hindrance. There are exceptions to this rule, such as  1,2-difluoroethylene, 1,2-difluorodiazene (FNNF), other halogen-substituted ethylenes, and some oxygen-substituted ethylenes. When the cis conformation is favored, the phenomenon is termed the cis effect. Contrasting Cis and Trans With Syn and Anti Rotation is much more free around a single bond. When rotation occurs around a single bond, the proper terminology is syn (like cis) and anti (like trans), to denote the less permanent configuration. Cis/Trans vs E/Z The cis and trans configurations are considered examples of  geometric isomerism or  configurational isomerism. Cis and trans should not be confused with  E/Z  isomerism. E/Z  is an  absolute  stereochemical description only used when referencing alkenes with double bonds  that cannot rotate or ring structures. History Friedrich Woehler first notice isomers in 1827 when he discerned silver cyanate and silver fulminate share the same chemical composition, but displayed different properties. In 1828, Woehler discovered urea and ammonium cyanate also had the same composition, yet different properties. Jà ¶ns Jacob Berzelius introduced the term isomerism in 1830. The word isomer comes from the Greek language and means equal part. Sources Eliel, Ernest L. and Samuel H. Wilen (1994). Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds. Wiley Interscience. pp. 52–53.Kurzer, F. (2000). Fulminic Acid in the History of Organic Chemistry. J. Chem. Educ. 77 (7): 851–857. doi:10.1021/ed077p851Petrucci, Ralph H.; Harwood, William S.; Herring, F. Geoffrey (2002). General chemistry: principles and modern applications (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-13-014329-7.Smith, Janice Gorzynski (2010). General, Organic and Biological Chemistry (1st ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 450. ISBN 978-0-07-302657-2.Whitten K.W., Gailey K.D., Davis R.E. (1992). General Chemistry (4th ed.). Saunders College Publishing. p. 976-977. ISBN 978-0-03-072373-5.

Reflection on a critical incident Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reflection on a critical incident - Essay Example This reflective practice is associated with learning from experience, and is associated with the improvement of the quality of care, stimulating personal and professional growth and closing the gap between theory and practice. To facilitate me with my reflection, I have chosen GIBBS model 1988. This is a clear-cut approach wherein one can easily put into words the clinical experience that has been learned. It starts with the description of the incident, followed by the feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan. Discussion includes the importance of proper administration of medication and how it has touched me in order to grow personally and professionally. The first stage of Gibbs 1998 model of reflection is the description of events. It was one of those busy days of the hospital. I could not forget my first day of 11pm to 7am duty at the pediatric ward of that public hospital we were affiliated to. My classmates and I were asked by the chief nurse to observe a staff on how to administer medications to the patients. I was very excited about the task that I did not even want to miss a single minute. When it was time for us to proceed to the children’s rooms, I whispered a little prayer and grabbed my small notebook in case the nurse would do some lectures as the procedures were done. We were five in our group and most of us were tired because of the previous lectures we had during the day, but still managed to stay focused on the task. Nurse X went on with the administration of the medications. Then we reached the last patient of the ward, which was Patient X’s room. I was very eager to know the rationale of giving antibiotics to Patient X who was just one-month old at that time. He had staphylococcal infection on the right forearm which was full of pus. Due to mere curiosity, I asked Nurse X what antibiotic in particular she just introduced at the intravenous line of Patient X. She glanced at me with surprise, not expecting my

Research Proposal Assignment Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research Proposal Assignment - Dissertation Example Crime prevention is an important part of responsibilities of law enforcement agencies particularly police. To do this, Police not only take active measures but also uses intelligence gathering and data related to reported crime to draw out crime prevention strategies. Traditionally, police has used data that it has gathered during reporting and investigations of crime, however, police and other law enforcement agencies have always been resource limited and therefore the question of efficiently utilizing this data has always remained. Fortunately, however, the advancement of computer technologies has led to the development of various solutions that can be used by the police and other law enforcement for much more efficient utilization of intelligence and other data in order to develop effective crime fighting strategies. One of such solution is the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for crime analysis (Chainey and Ratcliffe, 2005). The use of GIS allows for seamless and eff ective incorporation of police data along with location information, demographics data and infrastructure thus transforming information into actionable intelligence (ESRI, 2010). Statement of the Problem While Abu Dhabi police has been actively updating itself in the past decade or so in terms of its equipment and tactics, it has also paid attention to the use of information technology in fighting crime and other ills that occur in the society. While GIS have already been introduced in the police centres in order to make the police more location aware, however, its effect on crime fighting and prevention has yet to be explored. GIS based crime fighting has already been used successfully in the developed countries; however, its effectiveness for Abu Dhabi police has yet to be demonstrated. The problem that this project will attempt to solve is lack of demonstration of effectiveness of GIS in crime analysis that can significantly improve Abu Dhabi police capability to reduce crimes in the area even more. The Purpose of the Study The purpose of this project is to show how GIS based crime analysis can be used to fight crime in Abu Dhabi by the police. This project also seeks to demonstrate the effectiveness of using GIS in crime analysis. The project will involve using satellite images and other data available from independent and UAE based sources to perform hotspot analysis in order to identify current trouble spots and recommendations on how this information can be used to fight crime and formulate crime prevention strategies. Literature Review Crime Analysis Crime analysis involves a systematic analysis by law enforcement agencies in order to identify the trends and patterns in occurrence of crime. This can help law enforcement agencies in using it resources, which are often limited, in a much more effective manner while also providing a way to develop solutions to crime problems and enhance crime prevention strategies. A crime analysis can be performed on tac tical, operational or strategic level. Crime data is used by crime analysts for quick identification of new or existing patterns of crime. This phenomenon is analysed for related factors and then used to predict future occurrences of crimes which they then convey to their agencies. These patterns and prediction information is then used to develop

Food Preservative Essay Example for Free

Food Preservative Essay Food Industry is one of the complexes which involve a vast global collection of many businesses that come together to avail food energy consumed throughout the world population. Those farmers who merely depend on food that they plant are not considered to be part of food industry in these modern days. The food industry includes the following: Regulations- These regulations range from local to international rules and regulations which govern food production and sales, food quality and safety, and general industry lobbying activities (David, Grotton, 1979, pg417). Education- This can be academic which results to professional in food production, vocational which involves basic training or consultancy which deals on consultation regarding different food products. Research and development- This involves food technology in order to invest various ways of food production which does not exist in the market. Financial services which include insurance and credit services. Manufacturing- Food industry involved in manufacturing of Agro-chemicals, seeds, farm machinery and supplies of agricultural construction. Agriculture- This is a basic area in food industry since it deals with raising of crops, livestock and also sea foods which are the main raw material used in food industries. Food processing- This involves preparing fresh products for sale in markets and also it involves manufacture of already prepared food products. Marketing- This deals with promotion of new products in market. It also gets views from public opinion by advertising packaging and public relation. Wholesale and distribution- This is done in warehouses, transportation and logistics. Retails- Food products are basically sold in supermarkets, stones, direct con. Summer restaurants and other food services centers. Therefore, food industry basically covers all aspects of food production and sales. All transactions between productions of food up to the time food is taken to the market are taken care of. The industry size of food production is quite wide since it covers worldwide population and it’s approximately US $3. 2 trillion in 2004. For example, in United State they spend about US $ 1 trillion annually for food or almost ten percent of their gross domestic product (Harratio, 2007, pg 370). This industry due to its diversity and great need to expand it has around 16. 5 million people who are employed in the industry. Food industry regulations are very vital in every stage from production to consumption. These stages include production, processing, distribution, retail, packaging and labeling of all food products. All these are governed by a mass of laws, regulations, code of practice and guidance. There are general food laws which must be followed by everyone whether one is working in a food business or he or she is involved in consumption of the food productions. This deals mainly with registration of foods which are either imported or exported, the safety of food, labeling, product withdrawals and recall (Brown, 2001, pg 439). For example, the main food laws which are used in United Kingdom are:- Food safety act of 1990 which involved registration of general food registration in Great Britain. General food law regulation 178/2002. General food regulations 2004. This incorporated imposition of penalties to those who breaks food regulation. Some of the food safety and consumer protection offenses include Rendering foods which can injure one’s health by either: I ) Adding something harmful to food. ii) Using harmful ingredients in production of food. iii) Removing any food constituent which can benefit the consumer iv) Passing food through processes which are no recommended. Selling product to purchaser which is not of the nature, substance or quality demanded by the buyer. Using false descriptions or presentation of foods in order to entice customers. Commission of defense is due to the act of default of another person, the other person is guilt of the offense. In European countries, Food imported to these countries must comply with all their Food safety regulations or else they should enter into an agreement with the exporting countries for those requirements. Exportation by European countries demands that food should meet the required food law, not unless the importing country demands otherwise as per their laws. The safety standards of food should be followed strictly this is passed by the law that states: Food shall not be placed in market if it’s unsafe. Food can be regarded as unsafe if its-injurious to one’s health. – Unfit for human consumption. The labeling, advertising, presentation and setting of food product for consumer should be done in such a way that it would no mislead the consumer. For traceability purposes, operators of business need to keep accurate records of food, food substances and producing animals supplied to their businesses and also records of suppliers where they buy their commodities which should ensure that this information shall be made available to authorities on demand. Food business operator can withdraw food which is not complying with safety standards incase it has left their control and recall food incase it has reached the consumer. In case any company breakdown any of these offenses, the company is liable to penalties laid down by general food regulation (Windsor, 1959, pg 37). Food law guide is a process which needs to be updated each and every time in order to comply with food standard every time. In food industry, there should be regulatory impact assessment team which its main duty is assessment of costs, benefits and risks of regulations laid down which could adversely affect the business in one way or another. These teams are either produced by government or agencies which have statutory powers for making laws. The government is trying to put up better regulatory initiatives which will work with food standard agency which is a statutory body which protects public health and consumer’s other interest related to food and drinks. Deregulation can lead to food safety coming to a critical condition since it opposes most of the regulation acts imposed in food production till marketing time. These deregulations may include:- Free trade agreement. Due to free trade agreement the safety standards of food during export and import times are looked down upon and this can lead to harmful consumption of food. For any successful company to grow well, merging with other companies is quite essential since it enables diversity and acquisition of new methods and formulas which the merging company has. Merging stimulate growth and expression of ideas to give a wide range of products to be produced. The main aim of encouraging merging and acquisition of businesses is to reduce the number of firms operating on one same thing and consequently they increase concentration since the number of firms have lessen and therefore management can focus on something substantial since they are concentrating on a smaller area than before. Also through merging and acquisition companies promote anticompetitive pricing behavior since operations will be taking place on one company which can set standard prices for each items (Manley, 1940, pg 83). In food industry, they have focused merging as something that can bring great impact in economy since it basically changes employment structures. Therefore merges and acquisition results to workers dislocation since the companies will be fewer than before which lead to retrenchment of some workers. The food industry had two distinct mergers and acquisition involved in eight different food industries. These occurred from 1977 to 1982 and from 1982 to 1987. This mergers and acquisitions did not necessary portray the processes causing workers dislocation and lost wages. During the acquisition and mergers, small plants in food industries were added workers during the first merge wave but not during the second one. Mergers and acquisition had small but positive effect on wage during the first merger of 1977-1982 while little effect was felt during the second merger period. Mergers and acquisition also enables many plants to exit their industries during the 1977-82 period and facilitated closure of some firms during the period during 1982-1987. Therefore productivity can be increased and profitability of industry enhanced by actively participating in acquisition and merging of industries. Joint venture by different companies helps the businesses to grow increasingly and therefore increases business interest. Joint ventures also help the business to diversify its products and it basically operates like mergers and acquisition (Zhouying, 2005, pg317). Food technology has greatly advanced in many food companies through invention of new ways of production and marketing of food produce. Food supply chains in any food industry must give way to dynamic supply network and elaborate food technology that drive them. Technology enables high volumes of distributed transactions which take place between different members of supply chain in a rapid and low cost manner. Food technology should be used even during marketing to fit to a variety of transactions.

Analysis of Theme for English B by Langston Hughes Essay -- Poetry

Langston Hughes was an African American poet and author who joined other black artists to break literary barriers during the civil rights movement. The poem entitled "Theme for English B" was written thirty years or so after the birth of the Harlem Renaissance, but still embodies why the Renaissance had originated in the first place. I believe this poem reflected on Hughes' life in general, but more importantly on the fight against the ignorance that created discrimination. James Mercer Langston Hughes was born February 1st, 1902 in the town of Joplin Missouri. Being the great-great-grandson of the first African American to be put into public office, one could say that Hughes was destined to make his own mark in society. The first signs of talent began in the eighth grade, where he was elected class poet. After attempting to receive a degree in engineering at Columbia University, Langston went back to his love of writing. The art of writing was Langston's calling, but his father didn't believe he could make a living simply because he was black. Ironically, the Harlem Renaissance was just emerging. The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement that strived to put African American poets, authors, and song writers on the same level as the white population. It was an underground uprising which included magazines filled with African American literature such as poems and short stories. Amongst these artists were Claude McKay, Bessie Smith, Countee Cullen, and Langston Hughes. The one characteristic that describes the Harlem Renaissance most correctly was the fact that there was no one set style. Every artist had their own way of getting their point across. The only tie that bonded them was the push for artistic eq... .... But just because what she thinks is the theme makes a whole lot of sense, it doesn't mean that mine is wrong. People interpret poetry differently. I myself went with the whole equality route. All in all, are thoughts weren't that far off. The poem "Theme for English B" by Langston Hughes is best summarized by the author's life in general. It's not hard to see the similarities between the student in this poem and the man who wrote it. Langston had no advantage in the fact that his grandfather was the first African American in office. Hughes had to make a name for himself on his own. He did this by traveling on a cargo boat, working as a bus busboy, and eventually contributing his works to the Harlem Renaissance, which gave African American literature the credit it deserved. The student who wrote this assignment grew up to be a world class author and poet.

College Education Essay

College education essentially is the key to success in the future. It opens many doors of opportunity and allows us to explore every option available. College education can provide a student with many more new and exciting opportunities that they never would have had if they drop out at high school. College education is important because you need a degree in order to get a good job or a stable career. I’d like to talk of some of the benefits that furthering your education can provide. It is common for students in high school to wonder if college education is really important. Many high school students don’t enjoy their school life, so it is little wonder that when they have the chance to leave education many of them are tempted. However the importance of college education, as well as the huge differences to high school, should not be overlooked. Many students don’t know what they want to do with their life yet, thats why I feel everyone should go to college. In college you can learn about things you are really interested in and pinpoint what you want to do in life. In high school you can’t really do this so many students don’t know the opportunities they can fulfill. Lastly, these days if you don’t have a college education it’s likely that you won’t make it very far in life. Businesses today only want the smartest people working for them, so they always overlook the drop outs and people that never went to college. If you want to make a good amount of money and be successful I strongly encourage you to go to college and get a good education. I would say this is the most important reason to go to college. In today’s economy I believe going to college is the best decision you can make. having a good education has so many great aspects.Never overlook getting a quality education, it will always do you good in the longrun.

Pragmatism and teachers role Essay

Pragmatism is an American philosophy from the early 20th century. According to Pragmatism, the truth or meaning of an idea or a proposition lies in its observable practical consequences rather than anything metaphysical. It can be summarized by the phrase â€Å"whatever works, is likely true.† Because reality changes, â€Å"whatever works† will also change — thus, truth must also be changeable and no one can claim to possess any final or ultimate truth. C.S. Peirce on Pragmatism: C.S. Peirce, who coined the term Pragmatism, saw it as more a technique to help us find solutions than a philosophy or solution to problems. Peirce used it as a means for developing linguistic and conceptual clarity (and thereby facilitate communication) with intellectual problems. He wrote: â€Å"Consider what effects, which might conceivably have practical bearings, we conceive the object of our conception to have. Then our conception of these effects is the whole of our conception of the object.† William James on Pragmatism: William James is the most famous philosopher of Pragmatism and he’s the one who made Pragmatism itself famous. For James, Pragmatism was about value and morality: the purpose of philosophy was to understand what had value to us and why. James argued that ideas and beliefs have value to us only when they work. James wrote on Pragmatism: â€Å"Ideas become true just so far as they help us to get into satisfactory relations with other parts of our experience.† John Dewey on Pragmatism: In a philosophy he called Instrumentalism, John Dewey attempted to combine both Perice’s and James’ philosophies of Pragmatism. It was thus both about logical concepts as well as ethical analysis. Instrumentalism describes Dewey’s ideas the conditions under which reasoning and inquiry occurs. On the one hand it should be controlled by logical constraints; on the other hand it is directed at producing goods and valued satisfactions. What is the Role of a Teacher According to Pragmatism? According to pragmatism teacher is a friend, guide and philosopher to the child. He must educate the child in social environment so that he may attain social efficiency. There must be positive relationship between teacher and taught. His behavior towards children must be sympathetic. His attitude should be democratic and child must have academic freedom. His function is to suggest problems to his pupils and to stimulate them to find for themselves solutions which will work. His emphasis is not on the knowledge as arranged and systematized in the text-books. He wants the children to do one experiment or to have a particular experience. ‘Doing’ is more important than knowing. Like Socrates the Pragmatist teacher wants â€Å"his pupils to think and act for them, to do rather than to know, to originate rather than to repeat.† Pragmatism and School John Dewey maintains that school is a ‘Miniature Society’ here a child gets real experiences to act and behave according to his interests, aptitudes and capacities. Pragmatists regard school as a social institution where the child gains real experiences of actual life which develop in him social sense and a sense of duty towards society and the nation. Group games, working in laboratories and studying in libraries with others are the various activities and experiences which inculcate in children social qualities, social attitudes together with a spirit of mutual help and cooperative activities. In this way, according to Pragmatism the school is not a centre of education alone but it is also a community centre of various activities and experiences. Contribution of Pragmatism in Education Aims It lays more stress on social and vocational efficiency. Teacher It gives important place to teacher. Student It stresses on child-centered education. Teaching Method New teaching methods are the contribution of pragmatism. Curriculum It lays more stress on experience and learning by doing. Evaluation of Pragmatism Opposition of Pre-determined Ideas Pragmatism opposes pre-determined ideals and values. They are man-made and change according to the changes in circumstances, time and place. Opposition of Eternal Truth Pragmatism does not have any faith in eternal truth. Pragmatists believe that if the result of an activity is satisfactory then it is true otherwise not. No Fix System of Education. Pragmatism provides academic freedom to every institution which leads them nowhere. Pragmatism gives no fixed ideal to education. Such an education is bound to be fruitless. Emphasis on Material and Negation of Spiritual Values There is no room for spiritual values in pragmatism. It gives more Weight age to material values. Without spiritual values, we cannot achieve happiness, contentment and peace of mind and can go astray. Laxity in Discipline Pragmatism allows full freedom to the child who is not proper at the school stage and it leads to serious chaos and confusion. Condemnation of Formal Education Pragmatism advocates that all knowledge should be acquired through direct personal experiences. But knowledge is so vast and the span of life so short, that it is quite impossible to receive all knowledge through direct experiences. Hence acquiring all knowledge needs personal experiences and formal education both. Negation of the Past Pragmatism gives undue importance to the present. It ignores both past and future. The study of past is important to understand the present. Also there is need to link the present with future. Pragmatism is a Method Only. Pragmatism is not a philosophy of life but only a method of education, growth and development. In the words of William James â€Å"There is absolutely nothing new in the pragmatic method. It is just empirical attitude. It has no dogmas and no doctrines save its methods.† Pragmatism believes in Pluralism which is not proper. Merits of Pragmatism Project Method Project method is a gift of pragmatism. Through this method child attains knowledge by solving his practical problems. He performs the problematic acts in natural conditions. This method lays emphasis on learning through experiences. Importance of Child Opposing bookish knowledge and formal education, pragmatism lays great stress upon the development of child’s individuality by his own efforts. This makes education child- centre. Emphasis on Activity The principle of learning by doing is the main contribution of pragmatism. Children are active by nature. It emphasizes on the activity of the child. It prepares the child for future life in a very effective manner. Revolutionized the Process of Education This philosophy has infused life and zest in contribution. The concepts of ‘New Education’, ‘Progressive Education’ and Activity-centre curriculum which have changed the education outlook are the contribution of pragmatism. Social and Democratic Education Pragmatism infuses in a child a spirit of freedom, initiative, equality and also a sense of responsibility in relation to rights and duties of a citizen. This develops in the child love for democratic values and social efficiency which bring harmonious adjustment and development of personality. Progressive Attitude Pragmatism emphasizes the qualities of freedom initiative expression, experiences congenial, environment, purposeful creativity and development of human values for the welfare of whole mankind. In the words of Rusk â€Å"It is merely a stage in the development of a new Idealism that will do full justice to reality, reconcile the practical and spiritual values and result in a culture which is the flower of efficiency.† Pragmatism is an attitude and a way of living which, opposing the old doctrines of Idealism and Naturalism inspires the individual to look ahead and creates new values for an unknown future so that he leads a better, happier and a richer life.

Social Dialect Definition and Examples

Social Dialect Definition and Examples In sociolinguistics, social dialect is a variety of speech associated with a particular social class or occupational group within a society. Also known as a sociolect,  group idiolect, and class dialect. Douglas Biber distinguishes two main kinds of dialects in linguistics: Geographic dialects are varieties associated with speakers living in a particular location, while social dialects are varieties associated with speakers belonging to a given demographic group (e.g., women versus men, or different social classes)(Dimensions of Register Variation, 1995). Examples and Observations Even though we use the term social dialect or sociolect as a label for the alignment of a set of language structures with the social position of a group in a status hierarchy, the social demarcation of language does not exist in a vacuum. Speakers are simultaneously affiliated with a number of different groups that include region, age, gender, and ethnicity, and some of these other factors may weigh heavily in the determination of the social stratification of language variation. For example, among older European-American speakers in Charleston, South Carolina, the absence of r in words such as bear and court is associated with aristocratic, high-status groups (McDavid 1948) whereas in New York City the same pattern of r-lessness is associated with working-class, low-status groups (Labov 1966). Such opposite social interpretations of the same linguistic trait over time and space point to the arbitrariness of the linguistic symbols that carry social meaning. In other words, it is not r eally the meaning of what you say that counts socially, but who you are when you say it. (Walt Wolfram, Social Varieties of American English. Language in the USA, ed. by E. Finegan. Cambridge University Press, 2004) Language and Gender Across all social groups in Western societies, women generally use more standard grammatical forms than men and so, correspondingly, men use more vernacular forms than women... [I]t is worth noting that although gender generally interacts with other social factors, such as status, class, the role of the speaker in an interaction, and the (in)formality of the context, there are cases where the gender of the speaker seems to be the most influential factor accounting for speech patterns. In some communities, a womans social status and her gender interact to reinforce differential speech patterns between women and men. In others, different factors modify one another to produce more complex patterns. But in a number of communities, for some linguistic forms, gender identity seems to be a primary factor accounting for speech variation. The gender of the speaker can override social class differences, for instance, in accounting for speech patterns. In these communities, expressing masculine or feminine identity seems to be very important. (Janet Holmes, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 4th ed. Routledge, 2013) Standard British English as a Sociolect The standard variety of a given language, e.g. British English, tends to be the upper-class sociolect of a given central area or regiolect. Thus Standard British English used to be the English of the upper classes (also called the Queens English or Public School English) of the Southern, more particularly, London area. (Renà © Dirven and Marjolyn Verspoor, Cognitive Exploration of Language and Linguistics. John Benjamins, 2004) LOL-Speak When two friends created the site I Can Has Cheezburger?  in 2007, to share cat photos with funny, misspelled captions, it was a way of cheering themselves up. They probably weren’t thinking about long-term sociolinguistic implications. But seven years later, the cheezpeep community is still active online, chattering away in LOLspeak, its own distinctive variety of English. LOLspeak was meant to sound like the twisted language inside a cat’s brain, and has ended up resembling a down-South baby talk with some very strange characteristics, including deliberate misspellings (teh, ennyfing), unique verb forms (gotted, can haz), and word reduplication (fastfastfast). It can be difficult to master. One user writes that it used to take at least 10 minutes â€Å"to read adn unnerstand† a paragraph. (â€Å"Nao, it’z almost like a sekund lanjuaje.†) To a linguist, all of this sounds a lot like a sociolect: a language variety that’s spoken within a social group, like Valley Girl–influenced ValTalk or African American Vernacular English. (The word dialect, by contrast, commonly refers to a variety spoken by a geographic group- think Appalachian or Lumbee.) Over the past 20 years, online sociolects have been springing up around the world, from Jejenese in the Philippines to Ali G Language, a British lingo inspired by the Sacha Baron Cohen character. (Britt Peterson, The Linguistics of LOL. The Atlantic, October 2014) Slang as a Social Dialect If your kids are unable to differentiate among a nerd (social outcast), a dork (clumsy oaf) and a geek (a real slimeball), you might want to establish your expertise by trying these more recent (and in the process of being replaced) examples of kiduage: thicko (nice play on sicko), knob, spasmo (playground life is cruel), burgerbrain and dappo. Professor Danesi, who is author of Cool: The Signs and Meanings of Adolescence, treats kids slang as a social dialect that he calls pubilect. He reports that one 13-year-old informed him about a particular kind of geek known specifically as a leem in her school who was to be viewed as particularly odious. He was someone who just wastes oxygen. (William Safire, On Language: Kiduage. The New York Times Magazine, Oct. 8, 1995)

The Yellow Wallpaper Quotes About Madness

'The Yellow Wallpaper' Quotes About Madness In  The Yellow Wallpaper, by  Charlotte Perkins Gilman, a short story, the narrator is isolated in her room, where shes forbidden from thinking, writing or reading. The heroine has been told shes unwell and that this isolation will be good for her. Unfortunately, it eventually leads to her loss of sanity. Gilmans tale is an allegory for how women werent taken seriously by the medical industry, which exacerbated their issues. Her heroines slow descent into madness is supposed to be reminiscent of how an oppressive society stifles  women. The yellow wallpaper which can be seen as a symbol for society continues to grow wild in the heroines imagination until shes trapped in a flowered prison. The story is popular in Womens Studies classes and considered to be one of the first Feminist  stories. Its a must-read for any lover of American or Feminist literature. Here are a few quotes from the story.   The Yellow Wallpaper Quotes The color is repellent, almost revolting: a smoldering unclean yellow, strangely faded by the slow-turning sunlight.- Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper This wallpaper has a kind of subpattern in a different shade, a particularly irritating one, for you can only see it in certain lights, and not clearly then.- Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper Im getting really fond of the room in spite of the wallpaper. Perhaps because of the wallpaper.- Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper There are things in that wallpaper that nobody knows about but me, or ever will.- Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper You think you have mastered it, but just as you get well under way in following, it turns a back-somersault and there you are. It slaps you in the face, knocks you down, and tramples upon you.- Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper It becomes bars! The outside pattern, I mean, and the women behind it is as plain as can be. I didnt realize for a long time what the thing was that showed behind, that dim sub-pattern, but now I am quite sure it is a woman. By daylight, she is subdued, quiet. I fancy it is the pattern that keeps her so still.- Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper Through watching so much at night, when it changes so, I have finally found out. The front pattern does move-and no wonder! The woman behind shakes it!- Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper For outside you have to creep on the ground, and everything is green instead of yellow. But here I can creep smoothly on the floor, and my shoulder just fits in that long smooch around the wall, so I cannot lose my way.- Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper

A strategic review of Hard Rock Caf Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

A strategic review of Hard Rock Caf - Essay Example Strategic group analysis for Hard Rock Cafà © will help in evaluating the firms with similar features, competing on same basis or following similar strategies. Three major direct competitions have been analysed, namely Planet Hollywood International Inc, The Johnny Rockets Group and Landry’s Inc. The value chain analysis of Hard Rock Cafà © has helped in making strategies for better value creation for customers. A SAF analysis was done to identify potential problems, highlight their impact on winning execution and make sure that strategies are properly implemented. VRIN analysis helped in evaluating the core competencies of Hard Rock Cafà ©. The various components of the VRIN were further broken down into smaller components and the competency level of each of these components were further analysed. At last, various suggestions were put forward. The final recommendation chosen after the analysis was to expand in new and emerging markets. Founded in the year 1971, Hard Rock Cafà © (HRD) is one of the finest chains of theme restaurants. It was started by Peter Morton and Issac Tigrett in London as a fast food and coffee joint (Hard Rock, 2014a). Over the years, Hard Rock Cafà © has successfully established itself as a pioneer in theme restaurants. After its successful global expansion into various nations, the retail chain diversified into many new business segments, including hotels, dining restaurants and casinos. In the year 2007, Hard Rock Cafà © was taken over by Seminole Tribe of Florida and the headquarters were shifted to Orland, Florida. As present, there are about 175 Hard Rock Cafà © s located across 53 countries (Hard Rock, 2014b). An analysis of product life cycle of Hard Rock Cafà © will help in understanding the present condition of the retail brand, in terms of its position in theme restaurants industry. Currently,

Construction Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Construction Business - Essay Example The construction business has some significant legal concerns as well, such as liquidated damages issue that should be taken into account. The business then requires finance for its operations and means of obtaining these finances are to be evaluated. It is important for the owners to study these matters to understand whether this business is well suited to them and to understand what kind of management skills, legal and financial expertise they should have in the enterprise for it to successfully turn it into a successful, profitable venture. When considering the legal form of business formation, the choices available to a business include sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, and the newest form of business formation, the limited liability company (LLC). These forms of business may be compared in terms of ownership, liability of owners, continuity of business, and transferability of interest, among others. Since construction is a business with a potential for personal injury where employees and customers can experience a fall or some other injury at the construction site, it is best to select the form of business entity that provides liability protection for the business owners. Liability protection is also an important consideration because in times of financial adversity, it allows the owners to be accountable only to the extent of their share in the business and no charge is placed on their personal assets. The two options that provide protection of personal liability are corporation and LLC. Corporations ar e further classified into C Corporations and S Corporations. Typically the term 'Corporation' refers to a C Corporation, whereas the S Corporation is a special type of corporation that combines tax advantages of the partnership and the corporation. The LLC is a new alternative brought about by the new regulation and has gained much popularity because of its acceptance in all states and amendments in several states making it more attractive. (Hisrich, Peters, Shepherd, 2004) The LLC is considered a partnership-corporation hybrid because of its characteristics. Like partnerships have partners and corporations have shareholders, the LLC has members. These members do not own shares but rather an interest in the business. As mentioned earlier, the LLC allows owners to have limited liability protection, which would benefit the owners of a construction business by offering them protection from. The taxation for an LLC does not take place on the business level, instead the income, profit or loss is passed on to the owners and is treated as their personal income and reported in the owner's personal tax return. Liquidated Damages The construction industry is one in which legal issues arise very often. Breaches of contracts and failures to perform have to be dealt with by the employer as well as the contractor. Because this paper discusses considerations for owners of a construction business, we will look at the legal matters that can arise, from the viewpoint of the employer who assigns the task of constructing a particular project to the contractor. The relationship of an employer and contractor is such that According to the American Law Encyclopedia

MUVES and the 21st Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MUVES and the 21st Century - Essay Example In the same way, these have enhanced access to learning and business practices. Many people from different parts of the world have been enrolling in institutions abroad to enroll in distance learning courses through the e-learning portals and systems created by the institutions offering this kind of learning (Jarrett, 2008). In this, the benefits of technological advancements cannot be overemphasized in any way. It remains the responsibility of institutions and business organisations that want to take advantage of these developments to make approaches through which they can improve their social and business process through the use of these systems and others, which continue to be developed. Multi-User Virtual Environments, also known as MUVEs refers to the popular and well-known forms of multi-media based entertainments. However, in the recent past, these kinds of media have been receiving wide acceptance in various other disciplines, because of the ability to facilitate important practices when effectively used. For instance, in many places the attention of MUVEs seems to have changed drastically, to focus on the ability support learning activities in the education sector. In this regard, many research groups have been active in designing different kinds of MUVEs, while investigating their perceived effectiveness in delivering some of the set goals and objectives. These research processes have been offering various kinds of MUVEs in different formats in order to determine their ability to achieve the set goals and objectives in teaching and learning. It is expected that the ongoing research into the effectiveness of these technologies will play a leading role in influencing the various practices not only in the education sector, but also in other sectors and in this century. MUVEs that are designed for use in the wider educational community often have certain embedded problems and

The Effects Of Poverty On Education Education Essay

The Effects Of Poverty On Education Education Essay In the United States of America, there is great emphasis placed on equal rights for all. Further, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights declares Education to be a human right (Dhillon, 2011). Yet, in this great country, the poor still do not receive an equal education, an education that could raise kids out of poverty (Dhillon, 2011). Instead, impoverished children are often brought down by a classist system. The role of poverty in the U.S. Poverty is the strongest indicator of a child going to prison (Anders, 2011). Three times the amount of money goes in the prison system than in the schools (Anders, 2011). State governments benefit when people provide for their families with illegal labor rather than turning to welfare, plus the benefit of free labor from prisons (Anders, 2011). Social mobility through education is for the most part a myth; it only holds true in only some communities (Anders, 2011). One would think that the more compassionate and preventative method of providing a quality education would be the more preferable route. Compared to other industrialized countries, the United States of America is quite negligent of its poor. From 1999-2009, the child poverty rate has increased 19.6% (Armstrong, 2009). Every day, 2,500 children are born into poverty in the United States, giving the country one of the highest rates of poverty among industrialized countries (Anders, 2011). The U.S. also allocates fewer resources to social welfare programs, such as public employment services and modest support guaranteed for all children (child allowance, child care, and paid parental leave) than other Western countries, despite the high value placed on being able to work ones way out of poverty (Anders, 2011). Policy makers mistake work with self sufficiency, and feel that work is all that is needed to be able to live off of welfare programs (Anders, 2011). It is impossible to become independent of welfare at minimum wage, which is well below living wage; two full time, minimum wage workers cannot afford the average cost of a one bedroom apartment, and when food, transportation, and health care is added to the needs of the impoverished the debt becomes too much (Anders, 2011). Oftentimes, basic needs such as health care and a good diet are sacrificed by the poor because they cannot get assistance. Poverty and neurobiology. Food is essential to life. A full stomach and a clear mind are essential for learning (Armstrong, 2009). With the increase in child poverty, there has also been an alarming increase in food challenged children (Armstrong, 2009). Malnutrition can lead to vitamin deficiencies, particularly in B vitamins and iron, and in the long term can lead to neurological effects (Armstrong, 2009). Other maladies with possible neurological effects that are more common to low-income children include lead poisoning and asthma (Armstrong, 2009). In general, the brains of impoverished children develop differently (Armstrong, 2009). Many functions of the brain, such as language development and executive functioning (e.g. the ability to plan, remember details, and pay attention) develop much more slowly in low income children compared to their wealthier peers (Armstrong, 2009). By the age of nine or ten, the differences in the brain scans of poor kids, compared to wealthier kids, are almost equivalent to the damage of a stroke (Armstrong, 2009). Poverty effects the childs achievement when he or she is assessed in their first year of school and continues to affect children once they leave poverty; the effects of poverty may be lasting (Kiernan Mensah, 2011). Because the background of poverty affects the neurobiology of children, it raises the question of whether anything can be done to help these children. The role of the school. The schools do occasionally try to do something to help impoverished children. Schools sometimes have early, intensive, sustained, intervention programs that also provide good nutrition and health care (Armstrong, 2009). However, with the growth in the child poverty rate, the education system struggles to provide the programs low-income children need to succeed (Armstrong, 2009). These programs are often cut when the economy is down (Armstrong, 2009). Poor schools, such as those in rural areas, have low per-pupil expenditures (Fusarelli Militello, 2012). So, many schools do not have it in their budget to pay for such extensive programs for such a large proportion of their students in the first place. Poor schools also cannot afford good teachers. The students with the most need often have the least experienced teachers (Armstrong, 2009). Schools with high rates of minority students, impoverished students, and English language learners are more likely to hire beginning teachers (Armstrong, 2009). These teachers then move to more affluent schools as they gain experience because the schools dont have the money to retain them (Armstrong, 2009; Fusarelli Militello, 2012). These students are 77% more likely to get out of field teachers (Armstrong, 2009). These schools need to offer incentives such as targeted salary increases, bonuses, housing incentives, tuition assistance, and tax credits (Armstrong, 2009). They also hire non-traditional teaching candidates, such as retired military professionals and high-achieving college students (Armstrong, 2009). Poor schools also have less difficult curricula, higher student to teacher ratios, and receive less funding (Armstrong, 2009). Thus, n ot only are schools lacking in the extra programs that impoverished kids need to catch up with wealthier peers, but they are also hiring less qualified people to teach low-income children, giving children with a low socioeconomic status an unequal education. The role of the parent. If schools cannot make up for the difference in achievement between the poor and the rich, then perhaps the parents can. This assumption is one many policy makers and teachers have (Bower Griffin, 2011). Lack of parental involvement is associated with low student achievement and engagement (Bower Griffin, 2011). Parental involvement seems to be at the root of the achievement gap (Bower Griffin, 2011). Parental involvement is especially low for students of color and low-income households (Bower Griffin, 2011). Schools define parental involvement as volunteering in the school, communicating with teachers, assisting with homework, and attending school events and conferences (Bower Griffin, 2011). Correlational studies show that parental involvement leads to increased social competence and social networks, which leads to resources such as tutoring, enrichment opportunities, and curriculum extensions (Bower Griffin, 2011). By the traditional, white, middle-clas s definition of parental involvement, schools benefit by gaining resources. However, parenting in poverty is exceptionally difficult (Kiernan Mensah, 2011). Work schedules, difficulties with transportation, and difficulties with childcare prevent parents from coming to school events and conferences (Bower Griffin, 2011). Informal conversations and unscheduled meetings often work better for parents of low SES, but this is often see as obtrusive (Bower Griffin, 2011). Schools are warned against defining specific behaviors as parental involvement because it can disenfranchise families and make them feel like their efforts are going unrecognized (Bower Griffin, 2011). Low income families are ostracized by white middle class families who see their lack of traditional involvement as a lack of caring about their kids (Bower Griffin, 2011). Not all parents have the time and money the schools definition of parental involvement requires (Bower Griffin, 2011). Parents of poor and minority students, on the other hand, see the schools role as providing academic edu cation and their role as providing moral education; they define parental involvement as providing nurturance, instilling moral and cultural values, and talking with their children (Bower Griffin, 2011). Just because parents are not involved by the white, middle-class definition, does not mean they are not involved in their childrens lives. It is not necessarily the schools definition of parental involvement that determines the success of a child. A study by Kiernan and Mensah (2011) tested the effects of parenting, resources, and poverty on the achievement levels of children in elementary school in a longitudinal study. A parenting index was created using aspects that can help a child thrive despite the disadvantages of poverty: cognitive stimulation, promotion of play and learning, security and warmth in relationships, sensitivity towards the child, physical nurturance, boundaries and standards of behavior, and positive discipline (Kiernan Mensah, 2011). The top third scored 70% in good levels of achievement, the middle scored 51%, and the bottom scored 31% (Kiernan Mensah, 2011). Children were ranked from least number of risk factors to impede achievement to most and then put into quintiles; the first had 69% good achievement, the second had 64% good achievement, the third had 53% good achievement, the fourth had 4 2% good achievement, and the fifth, with the highest number of indicators, had 24% good achievement (Kiernan Mensah, 2011). Risk factors include income, mothers education, employment, housing, quality of the neighborhood, mothers age at birth, family structure, the number of children in the household, birth order, ethnic origin, and language spoken in the home (Kiernan Mensah, 2011). When tested for poverty, 60% of children who had not lived in poverty reached good levels of achievement compared to 40% in episodic poverty and 26% in persistent poverty (Kiernan Mensah, 2011). Kiernan and Mensah (2011) looked for interactions, and found that 44% of children who did not experience poverty had high parenting scores, compared to 11% of children in persistent poverty who had high parenting scores. Meanwhile, 66% of children in persistent poverty had low parenting scores (Kiernan Mensah, 2011). Similarly, 60% of children with the highest levels of family resources had high parenting sco res, while only 9% or children with low family resources had high parenting scores. Further, 69% of children with the lowest family resources had low parenting scores (Kiernan Mensah, 2011). Achievement scores for those in the lowest level of poverty with the lowest level of parenting were 19%, while it was 58% for the highest level of parenting (Kiernan Mensah, 2011). For those who had not experienced poverty and had high levels of parenting, their achievement levels were 73% (Kiernan Mensah, 2011). Poverty has about a 50% effect on achievement and parenting has a 40% effect on parenting within the study (Kiernan Mensah, 2011). Kiernan and Mensah show that although that poverty negatively affects a child, positive parenting practices can help counteract the effects of poverty. The role of the educator. Oftentimes, parents become an excuse not to teach impoverished children. Educators and policy makers absolve themselves of improving the problem with a blame-the-victim mentality by believing all parents of low income kids are lazy, addicted to substances, and dont care about their kids, and especially not their education (Armstrong, 2009). Teachers believe that parents will not become involved in the classroom, even though they refuse to try new methods (Bower Griffin, 2011). Often, the curriculum is not targeted to the children, even though children are most responsive to relevant materials and high stakes testing only exacerbates the problem (Anders, 2011). Instead of finding alternative methods to teach, schools see the child as deficit (Anders, 2011). There are definitely practices out there if teachers would only look. Teachers often do not relate to their students. Teachers primarily consist of white middle class women (Anders, 2011; Armstrong, 2009). Differences between middle and lower class include hidden social rules and communication, interactions, and expectations (Armstrong, 2009). There is a difference in symptoms of generational and situational poverty (Armstrong, 2009). Behaviors and the mindset related to poverty often affect learning (Armstrong, 2009). Identifying the students resources and strengths is proven to increase effectiveness of teaching (Armstrong, 2009). The best practice for educators working with impoverished students is that they should educate themselves on the effects of class and poverty and design curriculum relevant to poor students, drawing on the experiences and intelligences of the students (Armstrong, 2009). Teacher education programs tend to leave out critical conversations about how educators and education research relies primarily on white middle class educat ion (Anders, 2011). So, teachers tend to feel uncomfortable with their minority students (Anders, 2011). Finally, educators should be aware of their own biases and how they affect their interactions and expectations of students (Armstrong, 2009). This is good educational practice, but sadly it is not necessarily common educational practice. The standards of education are set to the white middle-class. Public schools want children to live by the behavioral standards set by the white middle class, including self regulation, memorization, social flexibility, compliance, and respect to authority (Anders, 2011). However, as stated above, children in poverty behave differently. Teachers know each pupil less on an individual basis and rely more on stereotypes (Anders, 2011). Knowing an individual child makes a behavior seem less disruptive and disrespectful and reveals the behavior as understandable and manageable (Anders, 2011) Based on differences, such as behavior, between the poor and the rich, students are academically sorted by socioeconomic status rather than ability based on stereotypes (Armstrong, 2009). However, merely educating oneself on the differences between students could help prevent this. Differences in behavioral standards between social classes lead to low income students being disciplined more in school. Zero tolerance policies, though they do not increase school wide academic achievement scores and in some cases lower them, contributes to school push out and school leaving (Anders, 2011). Students who jeopardize the schools achievement scores on top of having a disciplinary record are more likely to get pushed into the resource room or out of school altogether (Anders, 2011). No Child Left Behind leaves teachers with less time to focus on students because they have to focus more on curriculum and tests (Anders, 2011). In low-track classrooms, teachers rely on authoritarian compliance and give fewer opportunities for active learning (Anders, 2011). These teachers are compared to correctional officers when remembered by prisoners (Anders, 2011). Routines, compliance demands, condemnation, and targeting trained students for academic failure and dropping out (Anders, 2011). It raises the question as to whether or not the educational system, and society at large, wants kids to fail in life. The role of high-stakes tests. The educational system continuously places poor students on a lower track, and potentially forces them out of school, in order to protect their standing on high-stakes tests. Standardized tests test knowledge and skill sets that are more likely to be present in children of upper classes, yet these tests have become more important (Armstrong, 2009). A more prominent example is that the SAT has a persistent, but unintended, statistical bias in the verbal section that negatively affects African American students (Armstrong, 2009). The test has been recreated many times and it cannot relieve itself of bias, and the racial and class biases are very strong (Armstrong, 2009). Some postsecondary institutions base a large portion of their entry on the SAT without any other standardized test (Armstrong, 2009). This could impede impoverished students from getting into those institutions (Armstrong, 2009). Campbells Law, created in 1975, says that if a quantitative social indicator is used in decision making, the more subject it is to pressure and the more likely it will be to distort and corrupt what it was intended to monitor (Dutro Selland, 2012). Since No Child Left Behind, Campbells Law has lead to narrowing curriculum, reorganizing classroom time for tested subjects, reallocating funds for tested subjects (math and English) and students near the cut score, and to persuade teachers to teach in ineffective ways (Dutro Selland, 2012). High stakes testing only shows part of what a child knows. Too much focus on high stakes testing leads to cheating the system, a loss in quality of education, and increased dropout rates (Dutro Selland, 2012). Teachers must focus more on math and English and less on other subjects (Dutro Selland, 2012). They must drill students, especially poor students, on content and form (Dutro Selland, 2012). The form of the test though can often undermine important aspects of content students should know; for exampl e, the writing assessment over simplifies genre and the purpose and process of writing (Dutro Selland, 2012). High stakes tests certainly have their downfalls. Standardized testing is not all bad. Since No Child Left Behind, Schools must be held accountable for the education of their students; they must show this through adequate yearly progress (Booher-Jeening U.S. Department of Education, 2011). All students must be tested (Booher-Jennings U.S Department of Education, 2011). Unfortunately, in many schools there is no extensive help unless a child is in special education in many schools, which may explain why many poor students are pushed down to special education (Booher-Jennings U.S Department of Education, 2011). Further, Response to Intervention, a program that gives struggling children the extra help they need, rather than waiting for them to fail, is starting to be implemented across the nation (Fuchs, Litty, Hatch, 2011). Perhaps, things will change with the implementation of Response to Intervention. An important aspect is how high-stakes tests make children feel about themselves. High stakes tests place children in binary power relations of proficient or non-proficient (Dutro Selland, 2012). Non-proficient children can be locked into a pattern of powerlessness; once a person ascribes to a role or a competence, it is hard to see it another way (Dutro Selland, 2012). A third of the 4th graders knew where they were on the assessment, but didnt know why (Dutro Selland, 2012). They were certain about their reading competence, either for positive or negative (Dutro Selland, 2012). Dutro and Selland (2012) describe one child who despite having recently had a major success in reading, felt like she was a poor reader due to achievement tests. Students should not have to feel belittled by standardized tests, especially when they do work hard to make progress. Conclusion Children should not be put in the middle of a power struggle between the lower and upper classes. Three times the amount of money goes into the prisons than in schools, even though a proper education could easily reduce the amount of criminals because people wouldnt have to turn to crime to make money (Anders, 2011). Unlike in other industrialized countries, the United States does not give low income children the social welfare programs needed to the extent to equalize the opportunities to achieve. Families are left to struggle on their own to come up with resources such as housing, food, and health care. Many children of low income families academically develop at much slower rates due to lack of proper nutrition. Families also have a difficult time with housing and this provides discontinuity with curriculum and routines. Despite these difficulties, schools expect parents to make up for extensive schooling that they do not offer; poor schools have less money, less educational resou rces, and less qualified teachers than other schools. Parents do not have the time or money, and often times the education, to be extra involved and believe that it is the schools job to educate their children. Parents believe their job is to be the moral support for their child and the schools job is to be the academic support. A study by Kiernan and Mensah (2011) supports the parents belief that positive parenting can help a child to succeed, despite poverty. Unfortunately, the schools solution to offering extensive help to impoverished students is too often to push them to a lower track in school or forcing them out of school all together. Educators are primarily white, middle class women who do not relate to their students. If they did research on poverty, they could help prevent this all together. That way, students would not be discouraged and would not feel like failures for the rest of their lives. An increase in putting students in special education and forcing them to leav e school has increased due to high-stakes tests. While high stakes tests hold schools, teachers, and students more accountable, they also have lead to schools cheating the program and this is one really unfortunate result. Standardized tests tend to favor the white middle-class, meaning that poor students are at a disadvantage. Children who do poorly on the tests feel bad about themselves, even if they are making strides in the classroom. Even when they are not told how they did, they have a feeling how well they did on the test and are fairly accurate. It is important to keep in mind that poor children can succeed despite their disadvantages and more importantly despite all stereotypes. The poor in America are receiving unequal education thanks to stereotypes, funding, and high-stakes tests. While it is true that low income children may be disadvantaged from environmental stressors and are more likely to be delayed as a result of their environment and poor nutrition, with extensive programs and better nutrition more achievement can be gained. Equal education for the poor, and prevention of crime through better education, is attainable.